Külföldiek rólunk 1. rész a 7. századtól a

THEOPHYLACTUS SIMOCATTA (early 7th century) Byzantine historian: “Hungarians consider fire extremely sacred; they respect the water and the air, they glorify the earth, but they only worship and call him God who created the universe (this is the Creator). They sacrifice horses, oxen and sheep to him, and they have priests who are believed to have the ability to tell the future”. FRUILI BERENGAR (845-924), King of Italy (887-915), last Holy Roman Emperor (915-924), Lombard ambassador about the Hungarians in 921: Their wealth is lavish and conspicuous. They can field a huge army! His whole army starts to sound the horn. They ride their shift horses for days. When they start, heaven and earth move under them. Their combativeness and courage are unique. They are not afraid of death! They die smiling! They are invincible. Byzantine Emperor LEO WISE (866-912): “Hungarians tolerate work, fatigue, scorching heat, frost, cold, and all kinds of deprivation. Lovers of freedom and lovers of pomp.” In his World Chronicle (908), abbot REGINO OF LOTHARINGIA from Prüm (915) wrote about the Hungarians: “Trained in toils and battles, their physical strength is immeasurable... they kill only a few with swords, but many thousands with arrows shot from their horns so skilfully that one can hardly defend against their shots... Their nature is pugnacious, rebellious... they are by nature silent, more ready to act than to the speech.“ Bishop LUITPRANT of Cremona writes in 910, after being in constant contact with the Hungarians for a year: “gens hungarorum videlicet christiana...“ i.e. “the Hungarian Nation is obviously Christian“. Persian lexicographer and geographer AHMED IBN RUSHTA writes around 930: “The Hungarians are of the Turkic race and their leader marches into battle with twenty thousand horsemen... The country of the Hungarians abounds in trees and water. They have a lot of arable land... These Hungarians are attractive and good-looking people, large, wealthy and conspicuously rich, which they owe to their trade. Their clothes are made of silk brocade. Their weapons are beaten out of silver and gold and inlaid with pearls.” EKKEHARD writes in the Annals of Sankt Gallen (895-1060): “I don’t remember ever seeing more cheerful people in our monastery than the Hungarians. Food and drink were given in the greatest abundance...“ Persian writer GARDEZI, around 1050: “Hungarians are brave, good-looking and respectable. Their clothes are made of colorful silk fabric, their weapons are covered with silver, they love light.“ KOZMA PRAGAI stayed in Hungary during the time of the Czech bishop Kálmán Könyves. In 1110, he writes in his chronicle: “The Hungarian king/people is powerful, rich in treasures, victorious in war and able to oppose any king on earth“ German Benedictine monk HARTVIK, bishop of Győr, lived in Hungary from 1088. Around 1100, he writes the biography of King Szent István based on two previously written texts. According to the Hartvik legend, II. Pope New Year’s Eve: “He sent a cross to the king, as a sign of his apostleship, saying: I am an apostle, but he is justly an apostle of Christ, if Christ has converted so many people through him. Therefore, we entrust to him, as divine grace instructs him, the administration of the churches and their peoples based on both laws.“ PATRIARCH MIHALY OF SYRIA (1196): Hungarians are “honest, honest, smart in their livelihood... they don’t like to talk a lot.“ BERNARDUS AYGLIER (1216-1282), the French-born abbot of Monte Cassino I (1263-1282), wrote in 1269: “The Hungarian king is powerful when he sets his armies in motion, nobody dares to move in the north and east.“ Bishop VILMOS OF TYRUS (ca. 1130-1186), who recorded the passage of the first crusaders, writes in his chronicle: “Hungarians are Christians, peaceful, benevolent, wealthy people.“ OTTÓ FREISINGI /Otto Frisingensis/ Cistercian monk (1114-1158), Austrian-born German bishop and chronicler, visited Hungary in 1147 as one of the leaders of the Second Crusade. He didn’t like the Hungarians too much. In 1147 II. King Géza was only 16-17 years old! The noble German bishop wrote about the king and his country: “This region, which the ancients called Pannonia, because it is surrounded by forests, mountains... It is rich in forests above, full of all kinds of wild animals. The beauty of its surface is as charming as the fertility of its rich soil, so that it could be called, as it were, God’s paradise, or splendid Egypt, - happy Arabia. Everyone’s behavior is determined by the king alone. They all obey the prince in such a way that it would be considered a crime not only to excite them with open contradictions, but also to insult them with secret whispers... in this vast country, no one dares to mint money or collect customs except for the king... And when the king wants to lead the army, then all united in one body without contradiction.“