Photoshop 1963: Vector drawing on a computer in a way that any user today would recognize, 50 years ago.

This is part 2 of 3, demonstrating the 2D capabilities of Sketchpad, including vector scaling and instances. Periodically throughout computer history there emerges a “pinch point,“ a single moment where many prior technologies converge, and upon which many subsequent technologies depend. Herman Hollerith’s 1890 census tabulator is one well-known instance. Another, somewhat lesser-known, is Ivan Sutherland’s “Sketchpad,“ developed at MIT in the early 1960s, running on the transistor-based TX-2 computer.