The Greek Exploration of Britain, Thule, the Arctic and the Amber Coast | Pytheas of Massalia
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When I first learned about Pytheas, I couldn’t find much about him in video form, so I decided to take it upon myself to share this interesting piece of often forgotten history and explain his voyage as best I could. I didn’t expect it to turn out this long but I wanted to do the topic justice by including as much as we know about Pytheas’ journey. I hope you enjoy learning more about him and what he experienced on his voyage.
Check out the channels that read the quotes:
Ancient Americas:
Casual Historian:
Civil War Week By Week:
Embrace Historia:
History and Headlines:
Veritas et Caritas:
The art in the thumbnail is by JFoliveras on DeviantArt:
The maps were taken from Barry Cunliffe’s book “The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek“
Classical Music: Orpheus Odyssey - Legends on Strings
Celtic/Fantasy Music by Vinsvept
Song Titles (by chapter):
Massalia to Britain: Journey to the Middle of Nowhere
Cornwall: Night of the Fae
Middle Britain: Glimmerwood
North Britain: Voyage to Nowhere
Thule: Deep Sleep of the Elven King
Amber Coasts: A Storm in Time
#ProjectExploration
00:00:00 Introduction
00:01:04 On the Ocean
00:02:30 Overview/Timestamps
00:03:59 The Classical Sources
00:07:50 The Ancient Greek’s World
00:11:10 Who was Pytheas?
00:13:10 Setting off From Massalia
00:14:47 Sailing Around Iberia
00:15:41 Through the Rivers of Keltika [Southern France]
00:16:56 Reaching the Atlantic [Bordeaux]
00:19:16 Along the Armorican Coast [Brittany]
00:20:59 Sun Height Measurements
00:24:15 Foots on Armorican Soil [Brittany]
00:25:20 The First Greek to See Britain
00:25:39 The Tin Mines of Belerion [Cornwall]
00:28:13 The Island of Ictis
00:31:49 The Corners of Albion
00:33:09 Origin of the Name Britain
00:34:59 Britain on Foot
00:36:07 The Inhabitants of Britain
00:38:23 Monopia [Isle of Mann]
00:38:53 Boats of Sticks and Hides
00:40:11 Stories from Ierne [Ireland]
00:41:35 Wild Northern Coasts [Scotland]
00:43:50 The Orcades [Orkney]
00:44:20 Extraordinary Tides
00:46:13 The Haemodes [Shetland]
00:46:33 Where is Thule?
00:53:28 The Discovery of Iceland
00:55:15 The Mysterious Island of Thule
00:57:15 The Congealed Sea [The Arctic]
01:00:02 Why No Others Found Thule
01:02:16 The Amber Coasts
01:05:52 Back Home
Check out the pinned comment for additional notes on:
Why the Faroe Islands is not an option for Thule.
The midnight sun and arctic circle used to be further south.
Ancient Sources:
Strabo, Geography
Pliny the Elder, Natural History
Diodorus Siculus, Bibliotheca Historica
Geminus of Rhodes, Introduction to Celestial Phenomena
Gaius Julius Caesar, The Conquest of Gaul
Contemporary Sources:
Cunliffe, B. The Extraordinary Voyage of Pytheas the Greek. Penguin Books, 2003.
Tozer, Henry Fanshawe (1897). A History of Ancient Geography ()
Roseman, C. H. Pytheas of Massalia. Ares Pub, 1994.
Stefansson, V. Ultima Thule. Macmillan, 2017.
Whitaker, Ian (December 1982 – January 1982). “The Problem of Pytheas’ Thule“. The Classical Journal. 77 (2): 148–164 ()
Ictis - Wikipedia
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