Vein of Galen malformation (VOGM) | Boston Children’s Hospital
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Vein of Galen malformation (VOGM) is a type of arteriovenous fistula (AVF), a rare blood vessel abnormality in which arteries connect directly with veins, bypassing the capillaries. VOGM involves a large vein deep in the brain and is formed during early prenatal development.
VOGM is often noticed on a prenatal ultrasound late in pregnancy, and in other cases is diagnosed after birth. Symptoms may include:
- heart failure, often within the first day or two of life
- increased head circumference, resulting from hydrocephalus
- unusually prominent veins on the face and scalp
- failure to meet developmental milestones
- persistent headache
- in very rare cases, a bleed in the brain
VOGM can result in severe neurologic problems and may even be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated early. When treated, however, the majority of children go on to live active and full lives.
How we care for Vein of Galen Malform
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