Looking for Copper- How are Porphyry Deposits formed?

Copper is one of the most important global infrastructure metals, and demand for it is rising. In 1980, less than 8 million tons were produced globally – a figure that more than doubled by 2019. And a recent World Bank report suggests demand for copper could rise tenfold by 2050 as the world moves toward a low-carbon future. Reasons for increased demand include more widespread use of electronics, renewable energy infrastructure such as wind turbines and solar panels, and the integration of electric vehicles, which use 380% more copper than typical internal combustion engines. Porphyry copper deposits account for more than 65% of global copper production, and these low grade, high tonnage deposits can stay in production for a long time. But how do we find more to meet future demand? To begin, geologists understand the Earth’s crust to be made up of a number of “plates” that interact with each other by either colliding, pulling apart, or sliding alongside each other. In places where t