17th December 497 BCE: The first Saturnalia festival celebrated in ancient Rome
Created to mark the anniversary of the Temple of Saturn in the Roman Forum, the Roman festival of Saturnalia was dedicated to the god Saturn who was believed to have ruled over a Golden Age of agricultural abundance. The festival saw the suspension of usual social norms as the people of Rome engaged in lively celebrations.
Saturnalia originated as a three-day festival that began when the wool that was normally bound around the feet of the statue of Saturn was removed. The first day also saw a public banquet, which was preceded by a sacrifice at the Temple of Saturn itself. With the formal elements of the festival complete, the subsequent days – which ranged from three to seven days during the Roman period – were given over to the private celebrations for which the festival is perhaps best known.
The usual social hierarchy was reversed and, for the duration of the festival, slaves were treated to banquets while activities that were usually discouraged became commonplace. Romans from all social spheres we
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