Movie S10. Complex electro-origami devices. (Electro-origami)

(A), An electro-origami fan. A flat rectangular sheet of PVC tape had 12.7 mm wide, 50 µm thick electrodes added in a row. Alternating mountain and valley folds transformed the sheet into a concertina shape, which was pinched at one end to produce a fan. High voltage (8 kV) causes the fan to close. (B), An electro-origami “artificial muscle”. Two 12.7 mm wide, 20 µm thick electrodes were insulated with PVC tape and alternatively folded over one another. Application of high voltage (7 kV) results in contraction exceeding 50 %. (C), An electro-origami crane. It was made from polyimide and painted with conductive ink electrodes on its wings and inside its body. High voltage (8 kV) causes the wings to adhere to the body, resulting in a flapping motion.